Basic Architecture of Computer

Like a human structure, computer also has a standard structure which called “Computer Architecture”. As, we human beings have different parts of body to perform our daily activities, Computer too has different devices to perform jobs assign to it. The combination of these devices is called computer architecture. The main and the most important part of the computer Architecture is CPU, stands for Central Processing Unit. It controls all the instructions of computer. Or in simple words, we can define CPU as the brain of computer. The CPU has further two parts, one is called “CU” Control Unit and second is called “ALU” Arithmetic logic unit. The function of CU (Control Unit) is to read and decode instructions and execute these instructions one by one. Where as the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs the mathematical operations such as addition, multiplications. The combination of these two is called CUP (Central Processing Unit), which we have already discussed works as the brain of human mind.
The second important part of computer Architecture is its main memory. The main memory used to store the programs. CPU takes the data/instructions from main memory and process/execute upon these instructions and then again sends these instructions back to memory for storage or other purposes required by the users. The main memory also has two basic types one is called “Random Access Memory” (RAM), and the second is called “Read Only Memory” (ROM). Main Memory is the long topic to discuss in detail but here in this post only the main function of memory is enough to mention. (How it works, let this topic for another post). Another important part of the computer architecture is the Input/Output devices. As we have discussed about these Input/Output devices in our early posts. Input devices are used to give the instructions to computer and on the other hand output devices are used to present/display the results. Bus interconnection is also very important part of the computer architecture. These bus interconnections are used to link/connect the different devices (parts of computer Architecture) with each other. Or in other words, these bus interconnections used for the transportation of instructions from one device to other.
So, in the end, we can summarize our post that Computer Architecture is the structure of computer, where we discuss the basic and major devices of computer. First of all, we talked about the CUP (Central Processing Unit) there are two main portions/ parts of CPU, first one CU (Control Unit) performs the de-code of instructions and second part of CPU is ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) used to perform mathematical operations. Next we talked about the main memory (also has two types RAM and ROM) used to store programs. Input/Output devices are also used to connect the devices with each other. And these but interconnections are the source of transportation for instructions from one device to other.